Human exposure assessment to potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from tofu consumption

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (V, B, Ba, Li, Sr, Cr, Ni, Al, Pb, Cd) were determined in 130 samples of different tofu types (natural, flavored, smoked, and fresh made) by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). Al was the most notable element found with highest concentration (6.71 mg/kg ww) flavored tofu. Ni level (0.38 mg/kg) stands out smoked European has higher PTE levels than Chinese Organic-produced concentrations conventional produced A total 200 g/day confers a contribution percentage 39.6% its TDI (tolerable daily intake). In addition, would mean high Pb 23.2% BMDL (benchmark dose level) set 0.63 μg/kg bw/day to development nephrotoxicity. Mean consumption not pose risk adults’ health. Considering obtained results, it be advisable establish limits for certain metals such as this type product. Furthermore, is recommendable consumer guidelines some order avoid excessive intake PTEs.